Almost all owners of country houses sooner or later think about the extension of the veranda. And this is understandable, because due to this structure, you can not only significantly increase the usable area of ​​the entire room, but also give its appearance a unique and beautiful design. Of course, the easiest way is to add a veranda to the initial project of the house, which will give it stability due to the common foundation. However, if this was not done immediately, you should not be upset. After all, such a structure can be erected at any stage of construction, by adjoining the house, and you can do it yourself, with your own hands.

Varieties of Attached Verandas

Attached verandas can have many varieties depending on:

• locations - angular, end, front;
• degree of closure - open (the best option for relaxing in the warmer months) and closed (makes it possible to operate all year round, as additional space);
• design features - built-in (single foundation with the house) and attached (on a separate base);
• shapes - oval, round, rectangular, square, polygonal.

At the same time, square and rectangular shapes are the easiest to implement, but it is better to leave the implementation of rounded and curved structures to professionals. It is recommended to use the initial building material (for example, if the house was built of brick, the veranda should also be made of it). However, a combination of various materials is allowed, taking into account their harmonious combination.

Did you know? According to Feng Shui teachings, any source of water (a fountain, a small artificial pond, etc.) should be visible from the resting places in the house, which includes the veranda. This will provide the owner of the house with wealth and prosperity.

Preparatory stage

Direct construction is preceded by a large amount of work. First of all, they include the selection of the optimal place for the future veranda, the creation of drawings and calculations, the preparation of the necessary materials and tools. An important step in the construction of an extension on the site is to obtain a building permit - without it, the veranda will be considered illegal and may bring many problems to its owner in the future.

Choosing a place for the veranda

It is allowed to position the veranda from either side of the house, but usually the choice is made in favor of the front facade, from the front door. In the event that the planned construction will be erected from the end, you should first provide for the possibility of entering it from an adjacent room. In general, the design is planned based on the personal preferences of the owner, as well as aesthetics, because the veranda should not only become a natural part of the whole structure, but also its decoration. An interesting solution can also be the arrangement of a terrace around the entire perimeter of the dwelling.

In this case, it can be used on any side, taking into account weather conditions (for example, wind direction or sun lighting). If the choice fell on a side facade that does not have access to the courtyard, the window opening can serve as the entrance, which can easily be converted into a doorway. However, a simple removal of a fragment of a wall may be available only if the wall is not a supporting one. Otherwise, the construction of an additional supporting structure will be required, which will bear the load of the cut part of the wall.

Selection of materials and necessary tools

The material for the manufacture of the veranda can be the most diverse, however, the most common is wood, namely: a beam, which harmonizes perfectly with a brick house. In this case, the easiest way may be to purchase a collapsible Finnish house of small sizes, the set of which contains assembly instructions, as well as numbered material. However, glued beams are usually used in such structures, and therefore, if the construction was planned using a solid one, you will have to choose and calculate the material yourself.

For construction, you will need:

• a beam with a cross section of 100 × 100 mm (100 × 80 mm is also allowed);
• additional timber, pulling material and construction, with a section of 50 × 50 mm;
• boards with dimensions 100 × 50 mm - for logs and rafters;
• cladding material;
• door and window openings, door, windows (in case of construction of a closed veranda);
• waterproofing material;
• roofing material;
• insulation.

Additionally, building material for the selected type of foundation will be required, as well as the following tools: a screwdriver, hammer, ax, chisels, spirit level (bubble level), shovel, drill, hacksaw, garden drill.

Important! Experienced builders know that the “real picture” of material requirements may differ slightly from those calculated on paper, and therefore it is recommended that you initially buy everything you need with a small margin.

Drawing

Designing is the first and most important stage in the construction of the veranda. Considering that any changes in the design of the house should be registered with the inventory bureau, the drawing and the accompanying documentation should be drawn up very competently. The optimal solution, of course, will be turning to professionals who will help to avoid serious problems during the connection of the veranda to the roof or walls, as well as minimize additional costs.

If the owner wants to carry out the planning independently, the project is carried out based on the following algorithm:

1. First of all, a plot of the plot with the house is indicated on the paper, after which they choose a place for future construction and the dimensions of the veranda. At the same time, the dimensions are calculated individually, based on the fact that for a comfortable stay of 4-6 people, a 3x4 m building is enough, but usually the length of the veranda occupies the entire side of the house.
2. Indicate the entrance to the terrace (taking into account both the external entrance and the internal, from the side of the house). A through passage is not recommended (when the door of the house is opposite the entrance to the veranda), as this will result in large drafts.
3. Indicate the location of the windows, with the calculation of their size.
4. Choose the type of doors and window frames.
5. The rafter system and the type of roofing material are determined.

Important! In regions whose climate is characterized by high temperatures in the summer, experts recommend placing the terrace on the west or east side. This approach will avoid the presence of the veranda in direct sunlight for a long time.

Obtaining permission for construction

Any stages of completion or reconstruction of the house should be displayed in permits, which can be obtained from the regional architecture department.

This will require:

• document proving ownership of the site;
• House project;
• agreement (in writing) for the reconstruction of all residents registered in the house;
• a statement from the developer asking for the extension.

Since the procedure for obtaining all documents can take a lot of time, it is recommended to deal with this issue a few months before the expected start of construction.

The process of adding a veranda from a beam

The construction of terraces using timber as the main material is always popular. This is explained quite simply - this material is environmentally friendly, and also has an attractive appearance. In addition, wooden buildings are characterized by high air exchange and the ability to retain heat well.

This allows you to get the optimal microclimate inside the building, even in the cold season, and also provides a long service life. Additionally, such material simplifies the entire construction process as much as possible and does not require serious skills from the builder.

Video: DIY porch construction

Marking and site preparation

A place for a future extension should be prepared in advance. To do this, if the location of the veranda will be adjacent to the main entrance to the house, a visor and a porch (if any) are dismantled. The entire site is cleaned of debris, as well as any vegetation. Next, remove the top soil layer with a thickness of about 15 cm from the site and carefully level it.After this, you can begin to markup, namely: to determine the points of location of the supports, which should be on the same line, at a distance provided by the calculations of the drawing. The whole operation is carried out using stakes, as well as ropes. Upon completion, you can begin the direct construction.

Foundation laying

When choosing the optimal type of foundation should be guided not only by the type of material, the dimensions of the veranda, the condition of the bearing walls, but also pay particular attention to the characteristics of the soil under construction, namely:

• soil moisture absorption level;
• soil composition on a building plot;
• freezing depth in winter;
• groundwater location;
• overall stability.

Usually, a columnar foundation with a simple construction technology will be enough to strengthen the light summer verandas. A similar base is suitable for clay soils, as well as wetlands and quicksand.

Important! In order to avoid cracks at low air temperatures, due to which uneven deformation of various materials can occur, the base of the building should have the same technical characteristics as the foundation of the house.

The work execution process consists of several stages:

1. Under the posts, using a garden drill, dig holes at least 1 m deep (the depth of the foundation of the building cannot be less than the depth of the foundation of the house). For small wooden terraces, it is enough to arrange the posts in the corners, but large sizes will require frequencies of at least every 0.6 m from each other.
2. The bottom of the pits is covered with sand and gravel (the thickness of the pillow is at least 10 cm), and after that it is poured with cement mortar.
3. Next, support pillars are exposed, and the voids between them and the walls of the pits are poured with concrete.

The material for the pillars may be:

• round logs - suitable for small and light buildings;
• concrete blocks - the best option for heavy enclosed structures;
• asbestos pipes or hollow cylinders made of metal - used to strengthen frame verandas;
• brick is a universal material used for all types of buildings.

A heavy porch of large sizes and in the presence of glazing will require the use of a strip foundation. This type of reinforcement is also often used on sandy soil types. Unlike columnar, this type is characterized by a complex construction and the need to invest additional money, time and effort.

The bookmarking process includes several steps:

1. A trench with a depth of at least 1 m is excavated along the perimeter of the future veranda, after which the formwork is installed. At the same time, it is initially placed slightly above the level of the foundation.
2. Crushed stone (layer 5-10 cm) is poured inside the formwork and everything is poured with concrete.

Full hardening can take about 14-30 days, during which regular foundation wetting with water is required - this approach will ensure uniform hardening.

At the end of work with the foundation, they begin laying the floor:

• the first is a layer of insulation, which is expanded clay;
• followed by a layer of waterproofing (roofing material or liquid polymer);
• after that, wooden logs are laid, and then boards are laid, the gaps between which are additionally treated with silicone-based sealant.

Video: DIY extension foundation

Walling

Walls are an optional attribute of the building — for many, installing a railing around the entire perimeter is enough. If the project involves the presence of full walls, the first step is to erect a frame, which can be made of wood, metal, concrete or brick (the material should be selected depending on the load that the frame can withstand).

The wooden frame belongs to lightweight structures, and for its construction you will need, first of all, to carry out the lower harness (fixing the first layer of logs). For these purposes, a beam with a section of 100 × 100 mm is well suited.. Before starting assembly, it is recommended that you immediately drill holes for the dowels and pins at the corner connection point.

Important! All elements of a wooden structure are treated with antiseptic and antibacterial impregnation, which protect the material from decay and fungus formation.

The construction of the frame is carried out using wooden poles with a section of 120 × 80 mm or 100 × 100 mm - they must be installed in the corners of the structure. Intermediate supports will also be required - they are set in steps of at least 50-60 cm. Fastening to the lower harness is carried out using the method of complete or incomplete cutting or using steel corners. In conclusion, make the upper strapping with a beam, after which you can proceed to the construction of the rafter system.

Fixture with a house

The general fastening with the house of the new construction is carried out in several places:

1. At the foundation level - The method of joining is chosen depending on how long the house itself has been standing. If it is new, then shrinkage can still be expected, therefore, rigid fastening can cause the destruction of a less durable structure. In this case, the floating tongue-and-groove method would be the best solution, which would allow the veranda to glide around the house, preventing damage to the building due to different shrink rates. If the house was built a long time ago, then fastening with a veranda can be rigid. In this case, a waterproofing pad is laid between the bases (for example, you can use a roofing pad) and the joints are treated with foam.
2. When erecting walls - is made on the same principle as the foundation, but using steel embedded elements.
3. During installation of the rafter system - Usually the shed roof of the veranda is initially adjacent to the wall of the house. For its fastening in the wall, a small strob is made, into which then a wall profile is laid, fixing it with sealant. The second part is applied to the roofing.

Window

Glazing of the veranda is an important stage of arrangement, since it is this interior detail that occupies most of the external wall of the building.

There are several main options for glazing:

1. Wireframe - this method is primarily valued for the ability to carry out all installation work independently. It differs in assembly speed and low price. There is a small minus - such windows can only be installed on the classic forms of extensions (square, rectangular).
2. Frameless - Also called soft glazing. Thanks to the installation of roller hinges (both above and below), the windows can both be moved apart and folded into a book. The main advantage of this type of glazing is the ability to completely remove the structure in the summer, as well as an exquisite appearance. Among the shortcomings are the high cost and low heat saving indicators, which makes these windows unsuitable for winter.
3. Partial - It is provided exclusively for summer verandas and serves as a protection against adverse weather conditions (wind, rain).

According to its characteristics, glazing can be:

• cold - when installing it, the temperature difference in the room with the outdoor temperature does not exceed 5 ° C;
• warm - provides effective heat storage indoors (for example, at a temperature of -20 ° С inside the veranda will remain + 20 ° С).

In addition, windows can have different opening systems:

Profiles may also vary:

• aluminum - Valued for ease of operation and maintenance, as well as for a long service life, but there are also disadvantages: high cost and low ability to retain heat;
• wooden - Among the advantages are a long service life and high thermal insulation performance, but such profiles require frequent care;
• PVC - The best option that has all the necessary characteristics (thermal insulation, sound insulation, etc.), but if the parts break down, it will be impossible to replace them.

Did you know? Experts recommend using yacht varnish to process all wooden elements. This is due to its high protective properties, as well as the drying rate — Depending on the various groups of substances in the composition, complete drying may take from 1 to 16 hours.

Top belt and roof

The shape of the roof on the attached veranda can be very different, however, the most common option is a pent roof. At the same time, the slope itself is directed to the front side, and the angle of inclination should not be less than 20-30 ° - otherwise in winter all snow will accumulate on the roof and ultimately can simply collapse it. The rafter system in this case consists in installing the rafters feet on the beams of the upper floor. At the same time, they should be clearly perpendicular to the facade line.

From above, it is allowed to mount the battens and install the roof, during which:

• Mauerlat is installed on the upper harness;
• rafters are mounted to the wall of the house;
• the crate is installed perpendicular to the rafters;
• stack hydro and thermal insulation material;
• Mount the roof.

Porch

The porch is an important part of the veranda, performing not only a decorative function, but also protecting the room from dust, street dirt, as well as from cold and rainfall. There are many designs of these steps with a platform - they can have a foundation in common with the veranda, or they can be attached.

However, there are several basic criteria that should be adhered to both at the design stage and directly during construction:

• safe movement along the porch is ensured by the slope of the stairs, which should be between 23 ° and 45 °;
• the appearance of the structure should fit into the overall design of the terrace and the house, and ideally, in the landscape design;
• According to SNiP, the optimal parameters of the porch are: the depth of the steps - 27-30 cm, the height - 18-21 cm, the width of the stairs - from 60 cm, the height of the railing - 90-120 cm;
• taking into account fire safety requirements, the site should be constructed 50 mm below the base of the door.

Roof

The best option when choosing a roofing material is the same coating as at home. If this is not possible, you should adhere to at least one color with the main roof.

Did you know? Small elements of decor such as curtains, pillows, lamps, various vegetation, and greater comfort will help to make the veranda residential and cozy. — zoning of the room.

For these purposes, most often use:

• slate made of plastic;
• corrugated board;
• classic slate;
• galvanized sheet.

Depending on the material chosen, various fasteners may be required. For example, to fix the corrugated board, special self-tapping screws with a press washer are used.

Finish

As the main material for external wall decoration, you can choose wooden panels, siding or lining. To add sophistication to the appearance of the veranda will help such cladding as stone, carved wood. Most importantly, one should not forget about thermal insulation with thermal insulation material, which can be mineral wool or extruded polystyrene foam.

However, it is worth remembering that in order to avoid an immediate damage to the insulation, an additional layer of waterproofing will be required, which will reliably protect the material from the destructive force of moisture and condensate. As for the interior decoration, here everyone can focus on their personal preferences. For these purposes, the best option would be plastic or wooden panels.

Brick porch construction

Starting from the forcing of the walls, the process of erecting a brick veranda is somewhat different from the construction of a wooden terrace and consists of the following steps:

1. The first step is to choose the type of masonry. The most popular are: spoon, in which the wall thickness will be 12 cm, bonded, with a wall thickness of 25 cm, and chain, with walls 38 cm thick.
2. Further, on the edges of the base, on opposite sides of the foundation, a cord is fastened along which corner bricks are exposed.
3. The empty space formed in the corners between the bricks is filled with masonry, fastening the elements with cement mortar.
4. Using the laser level spend the first row of masonry. In the future, the surface is also constantly checked by this device.
5. At the end of the masonry, a reinforced belt is equipped. To do this, formwork is fixed on top of the brickwork, at least 7 cm high. Anchor bolts are put in the corners and fittings are laid. At the end, the entire structure is poured with a cement solution.
6. After the concrete has hardened, strapping is done using a beam with a section of 100 × 100 mm.

The next step will be the arrangement of the rafter system. In case it is supposed to use the veranda year-round, including in winter, it is recommended to lay in 2 rows. The extension of the veranda is quite a reasonable decision by the owners of private houses.After all, such a building is not only able to expand the area of ​​the room, but also give its appearance exclusivity. Moreover, a wide selection of structures and materials makes it possible to carry out the whole process on their own, with their own hands, without suggesting special skills in construction.