On a suburban area, people relax on weekends, and often on holidays. Barbecue, meat cooked on the grill, in nature is distinguished by its unique taste and aroma. Therefore, rest in the country with friends is not complete without preparing these dishes. And to relax in the fresh air, without worrying about weather conditions, a garden gazebo with barbecue will help, in which it is easy to hide from rain, piercing wind and the scorching sun. Its foundation makes it strong and reliable. The types, methods of its manufacture for such arbors will be discussed in this article.

Determination of the place for the construction of the foundation

If your suburban area has a magnificent garden or an artificially created pond, then a gazebo with barbecue facilities should be built there. In addition to the magnificent view from it, cool water will blow from the pond on a hot day. When planning a place for the gazebo, consider how benches or benches will be located. Do not place it in the open sun. It is better when it is all, or at least half, will be located in a shaded place.

Although there are temporary (collapsible) versions of arbors, it is better to take care of the construction of its stationary version. The main advantage of such canopies is all-weather season, that is, they are used all year round, while the former have to be cleaned with the onset of cold weather. In addition, on stationary options you can build a barbecue, barbecue or grill, and temporary ones are not designed for this. They are often made of their tent material and metal structures, which absorb soot and smoke, and can also cause a fire.

Did you know? The largest foundation slab in the world was flooded at the base of the largest European skyscraper in St. Petersburg “Lakhta-Centre". It was poured over 49 hours and spent twenty thousand cubic meters of concrete. This is a new world record.

If you plan to have picnics all year round, then the gazebo should be closed to protect it from the cold, rain and snow. Moreover, it is important to make it stable, for which a foundation foundation is used.

A building with a foundation is being erected according to such restrictions:

• the minimum distance from the pressure sewer and the water supply is at least 5 m;
• the distance from gas pipes of low pressure is not less than 2 m and 4 m from the average;
• any power cables should be 60 cm from the gazebo;
• if there are stationary fire hazardous facilities, then observe a distance from the fence of at least 5 m.

Important! If you plan to install a stove or barbecue in the gazebo, then the foundation for them is made of separate plates. The base for the oven should be at 10–15 cm rise above the floor of the gazebo.

For the correct measurement of these distances, note that the protruding roof is also taken into account. In the case when it does not protrude strongly (up to half a meter), measurements are taken from the base to the base, if more - then measure from the place of the projection of the roof onto the ground.

Worry about your neighbors, make a canopy so that smoke from the barbecue or grill does not go to the courtyard or house bordering you. In addition, by all requirements, any structure must withstand a distance from the border with its neighbors at least a meter. Keep the gazebo away from other people's structures, especially the toilet and the chicken coop. In this case, you will not hear the neighbors noise, odors, and you, while relaxing, will not annoy the neighbors with noise or music. Choose the place with the least drafts and unpleasant odors.

If the gazebo is planned with communications, it is important that they do not overlap with those already stretched on the site. If overlapping, consider the most suitable intersections.

Please note that when laying electrical wiring, the cable is buried at least 0.6 m in depth. The trench should be at least 0.4 m wide. If garden paths are laid on the site, this can cause difficulties. Here comes to the rescue way of “hanging” electric cable.It is very important that the arbor fits into the surrounding plant world, therefore, green spaces should be combined with the delivered structure. You can hide it in bushes or trees from prying eyes, or you can, on the contrary, put the main emphasis on it.

If you have a gazebo close to home, then it should fit into the design and somehow complement or complete a certain style. In the case when it is separate, style compositions are not limited.

Important! You should not have a gazebo close to the house base, since the load on the foundation of the house and the gazebo is different, and their influence on each other is negative.

Choosing the type of foundation

A reliable foundation is the basis of a stationary garden gazebo. Its stability and reliability depend on it. If it is correctly made, then the arbor will be strong and durable. For its design, it is important to make all the necessary calculations, take into account all climatic and soil features, choose high-quality materials and draw up the correct drawing.

Several types of foundations are suitable for building a gazebo:

• tape;
• concrete;
• columnar;
• monolithic;
• pile-screw.

Each of them has its own characteristics, which will be discussed below.

Did you know? The most famous miscalculation in laying the foundation is the construction of the Leaning Tower of Pisa, the three-meter foundation of which, on unstable soil, could not withstand the weight of the building and it began to warp.

Monolithic

A feature of the monolithic foundation is that it is poured under massive structures, withstands a significant load. This type of foundation has two varieties:

1. Deep laying. It is not suitable for a gazebo, because it is used for the construction of large buildings, and it is not large.
2. Shallow laying. This option is just used for the construction of gazebos in which a barbecue or stove is installed. A wooden or brick building is perfectly mounted on such a concrete platform. In addition, everything is already ready for laying any flooring.

Installation of a monolithic base is very time-consuming, so it is better not to do it alone, take care of assistants.

The monolithic foundation is considered universal, as it is ideal for soils of any type. A slab of a monolithic foundation of a larger supporting area, due to which the soil load is reduced, and the structure does not deform when the soil sags. The construction erected on it is stable and reliable.

The monolithic reinforced slab used for the construction of the gazebo should be 2.5–3 cm in thickness, with it being buried into the ground by 1.5–2 cm, and protruding 1–1.2 cm above the ground. Reinforcement is used to strengthen the monolithic foundation, even when they make the foundation of a light building. In this case, it can withstand heavy loads.

It is better to build a building on a site that rises above the ground. This is necessary so that rainwater does not wash out its bedding around the tile base. You can also make an additional blind area from gravel for drainage along the perimeter of the foundation.

Tape

Labor and significant material costs require another option for the foundation - tape. It is not simple in design. An ideal base for building any gazebo, no matter what material, whether it be brick, wood or stone. If the lower part of the gazebo is built of stone material, then it will fit perfectly. The necessary belt of concrete will already be ready in the construction of the structure.

To create a tape base for the gazebo, they first dig a trench. Its average depth is about 50 cm. Then formwork is constructed, into which a reinforcing cage is installed from metal rods. After that, concrete is poured into it. The concrete belt hardens in a period of two weeks to a month. When this time has passed, the walls of the building begin to be laid on it from stone or brick.

Such a foundation is of 3 types:

This is an indispensable basis in suburban areas where dry sandy soils prevail. It is durable and suitable for wooden, brick gazebos of large sizes.

Concrete

Unfortunately, the monolithic foundation poorly resists loads, except for compression, and can be destroyed when the soil moves. This leads to destruction and cracking of the base. To strengthen it, they fill it with coarse rubble or gravel stone and use reinforcement.

Important! The concrete foundation reacts negatively to cold and frost. Stones may crack in it and provoke its further destruction. Because of this, he needs thermal insulation.

Crushed stones added to the concrete batch should have good strength (from 1 ton per 1 cm²). The rubble filler are: crushed stone, large granite fragments, sandstone, limestone.

• Such a foundation has several advantages:
• Ease of bookmarking. Special skills for its formation will not be required.
• High strength base. Such a foundation can withstand the mass of a two-story brick structure.
• Availability. Necessary building materials are not too expensive. Therefore, construction will be cheaper.

A concrete foundation should be created in certain proportions. If observed, it can withstand significant loads. Rubble stone and concrete mixed in equal proportions form a solid foundation.

For a concrete base, stones no larger than 30 cm are selected. At the preparatory stage, they are cleaned of dirt and moistened, for better adhesion to concrete. The strength of the stones is determined by tapping them. They should sound loud.

The concrete mixture for this base is made of medium fraction sand with high quality cement in a proportional ratio of 3: 1. Water gradually pours in when mixing the solution. Its consistency is slightly thinner than usual. This is necessary so that the stone is better concreted.

Keep in mind that the design of such a framework assumes that laying its width up to 10 cm is greater than the thickness of the supporting structure. The stones should not come into contact with the walls of the formwork. It is necessary to protect the flooded base from drying out in hot weather. It is either watered with water, or a special moisture-insulating layer is used.

Did you know? The temple building, named after St. Andrew the First-Called, built in 2000, — Guinness Book Record. The church has a foundation of solid rock, spread in the middle of the river on the island. The building is very beautiful and located in a picturesque area.

When the concrete is fully ripened, the surface is leveled by pouring an additional cement layer. To avoid personal injury at the construction site, do not mix up the stone supply in the trench edge. Place it in heaps 20 cm from the trench edge.

Video: Foundation made of rubble stone

Supporting pile

The supporting foundation (it is also called columnar) is made using round or square pillars buried in the ground. Its depth depends on the characteristics of the material of the building being built and the soil features. It is used on clay soils, marshy areas and with the threat of floaters. Arbours made of wood do not really affect the soil, so such a base will not be massive.

Important! When erecting a gazebo on unstable soils and where the earth deeply freezes, this type of foundation is used as a support-pile foundation. This is ideal for the construction of buildings made of metal or wood.

Foundation pillars are built of concrete with reinforcement, bricks, using various combinations of wood, asbestos cement and metal pipes. For wooden pillars, logs and a beam in the form of a cylinder are mainly used. They are used in the construction of an open gazebo, ideal for swimming. Brick structures are best built on concrete and brick blocks. Asbestos pipes are set to the required level, and then they are poured with a solution of their concrete. Most often used in the construction of frame arbors.

Preliminary anti-corrosion treatment of pipes made of metal is performed. If desired, they can be poured with concrete. It is easy to install a wooden and brick building on a concrete base, only for the latter it is necessary to install an additional belt of concrete. Concrete strapping is done using formwork from boards. If the gazebo is planned to be small in size, then one master can make a support foundation.

Piles come in two types:

• boredwhere plastic, steel, asbestos-cement pipes are used as a support;
• screwconsisting of steel pipes.

Screw piles are installed in this way:

1. They clean the site, remove the upper layer of soil.
2. Drill holes in the corners of the site to install pipes made of asbestos cement.
3. Fill the bottom of the wells with crushed stone and tamp.
4. Pour with concrete mortar, up to 15 cm high.
5. With the help of the level, pipes are installed.
6. Reinforcing bars are inserted into the middle of the pipes, and the rest of the space is poured with concrete.
7. They make sure that the pipes are carefully clogged, otherwise the foundation may be damaged under the influence of water and frost.
8. Impose the first crown on the frozen piles, after tying the beams with clamps.

The need for accurate calculations is a significant drawback of a pile-screw base. To create it, it is better to use a special settlement program or consult a specialist.

Necessary materials and tools

Garden gazebo, which is planned to install the stove, needs a solid basis. Before starting work on the formation of any type of foundation, you need to take care of the materials with which it will be carried out.

In the construction of the foundation will need the following materials:

• concrete;
• rubble stone or crushed stone;
• pipes made of metal or asbestos cement;
• boards;
• material for waterproofing;
• roofing material;
• car tires;
• fittings;
• boards (in rare cases);
• sand;
• concrete or stone blocks;
• sometimes bitumen.

Filling the foundation is not complete without the use of tools such as:

• roulette;
• threads
• level;
• a shovel with which to dig trenches and pits;
• a drill or a screwdriver;
• welding machine;
• wood material in the form of struts, boards, blocks, stakes;
• jigsaw or grinder;
• a large number of screws and nails;
• metal materials for creating reinforcement;
• hammer.

Pillow making

An integral part in the formation of the foundation is the creation of a foundation pillow between the ground and the ground. To create such pillows use the following materials:

• crushed stone;
• concrete;
• sand.

As the most budget option to create a foundation pillow use sand.To create such a pillow, only coarse sand is used. It is strictly forbidden to use fine-grained material.

Sand cushion application conditions:

• low construction height, ideally a one-story building;
• the depth of groundwater is deep;
• the building is not built from massive materials.

The basic rules for its formation for the gazebo:

1. The pillow is made up to 20 cm high.
2. Level its surface.
3. Water it with water.
4. Carefully tamp a layer of sand.

To create a stable structure, the crushed stone pillow is made 30 cm wider than the foundation itself. When creating a massive and heavy arbor, a sand foundation pillow will not work. Then a layer of crushed stone is used. With its help, the base can withstand significant loads.The size of the rubble is different. The best strength material for such purposes is considered to be medium fractional crushed stone from granite.

Important! For the construction of heavy stone buildings, ready-made reinforced concrete pillows for the foundation are used. They are made at special enterprises and are quite expensive.

When creating pillows adhere to such rules:

1. A small layer of sand is poured into the bottom of the base, for better adhesion to the soil, which is leveled and rammed.
2. Having determined the fraction of stone, a layer of crushed stone is poured up to 20 cm.
3. Moisturizes the layer with water.
4. Using special equipment, it is rammed.

They are installed after leveling the soil and applying a sand layer. For a garden gazebo, a sand and gravel pillow is mainly used, which is covered with roofing material on top to protect it from water.

Frame manufacturing

Arbor base, and any other, consists of a reinforcing cage. First, a crate of special plywood or a 5-centimeter wooden board is knocked down. Then it will be prevented in the trench. So that it does not warp during concrete pouring, it is strengthened with the help of struts, and then pulled together with bars.

Reinforced cage assembled. In order to create it, you can use the structural reinforcement of 0.8-1.0 cm and a soft knitting wire.

Reinforcing rods are horizontally laid at the bottom of the trench, after which they are connected to each other by wire or special plastic clamps. Then put the rods vertically. At the same time, they should slightly protrude above the ground. Sometimes make connections with a welding machine. But it is only worth considering that when the weld ruptures, there is a skew of the gazebo and the structure as a whole.

Concrete mortar

Having formed a sand-crushed stone pillow, and having constructed a framework of reinforcement, they proceed to pouring a solution of concrete. Such a solution is prepared in a 3: 1 ratio of sand and M400 cement. The prepared mixture must be sealed to remove air bubbles. Stones are laid at the bottom of the trench to form a gap of 5 cm. This is necessary to evenly deepen the reinforcement into the concrete.

All fenced space at the very top is filled with the prepared batch. It is kneaded in a concrete mixer, which can be rented or purchased, or ordered the delivery of liquid concrete. After pouring concrete, its leveling is carried out. It is made an ordinary smooth board. It is necessary to stick with a shovel or a special vibrating machine to process the freshly filled solution. This will remove air voids and bubbles that can lead to the destruction of the foundation.

Then adhere to the following rules:

1. The construction dries a certain period. It depends on the quality and brand of concrete. In order for it to dry faster, its surface is evenly covered with a film of polyethylene.
2. The formwork is removed when the base is pre-prepared. Usually this happens in the summer after 10 days, subject to warm weather.
3. The edges of the resulting plate are covered with a composition of liquid rubber or bitumen, for waterproofing.
4. Around the perimeter, backfill is made with rubble.

If necessary, additional work is carried out to isolate the foundation. After a month, the concrete will completely settle. Only after that do further work.

Thus, to make a quality foundation for a garden gazebo with your own hands is quite realistic. The main thing is to decide on the necessary sizes and materials, to choose the one that looks more suitable. In this case, one must take into account not only material capabilities, but also one's own capabilities and skills. If something does not work out, it is always better to consult with specialists.